Antimicrobial drug used in clinical veterinary medicine for many years, in promoting animal growth, rise breed economic benefits, played an important role.But due to the widespread application of brings many new problems, such as unreasonable use and abuse is a serious phenomenon, caused by improper usage of poisoning caused huge economic losses, drug residues indirect harm to human health and other issues generally.
Antimicrobial drug classification
Antimicrobial drug refers to a category can inhibit or kill pathogenic microorganisms, for the prevention and treatment of animal infectious diseases.They include the sulfonamides, benzyl ammonia pyrimidine, nitrofuran, quinolones, quinoxaline, nitroimidazole, antibiotics, other antibacterial and anti-fungal.Antibiotics, according to the antibiotic effect and antibacterial mechanism into different types, i.e. antibiotic by antibiotic range can be divided into the main anti G+ (Gram-positive) also acts on a G (Gram-negative bacteria) antibiotic, main anti G (Gram-negative bacteria) and effects on G + (gram positive bacteria) antibiotics, main anti G (Gram-negative bacteria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotics, resistance to Mycoplasma antibiotic, broad-spectrum antibiotics, antineoplastic antibiotics, parasite resistance to antibiotics.Antibiotics according to the antibacterial mechanism can be divided into the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis antibiotic, damage to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane antibiotic, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis of antibiotics.
Antimicrobial drugs in the clinical application of the existing problems in
1 clinical use of antimicrobial drugs insufficient dose, improper use, and no clear indications for misuse of antimicrobial drugs, especially for long-term application, easy to cause the emergence of drug-resistant strains, drug resistance gene transfer, leading to antimicrobial drugs medical effect weakened.
2 antimicrobial drugs of abuse can cause infection of endogenous or double infection.Antimicrobial drug use in the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms at the same time, also killing the animal in vivo physiological microorganism, disrupting the interaction pattern between microbial population, destroyed the micro ecological balance, causing the body of certain origin bacteria or conditional pathogenic bacteria of excessive propagation and regulation positioning transfer, causing secondary infection.
3 antimicrobial drug use can make poultry humoral, cellular immune function decline, resulting in animal disease and even death.
4 antimicrobial drugs in livestock and poultry product residues in public health cause adverse effects, a direct threat to human health and safety.In 1977 the United States will limit the penicillin, aureomycin, oxytetracycline as a feed additive, England in 1971 except for restrictions on the 3 kinds of antibiotics and limitation of sulfonamides and furan, in recent years many countries announced in animal husbandry production disable antimicrobial drugs.At present people have put the meat, egg, milk antimicrobial drug residues and congenital defects, cancer and other problems associated with, reflect the people against microbial pharmaceutical vigilance.
Development and application of special animal antimicrobial drugs
Antimicrobial drugs in animal breeding and the clinical medical treatment on a wide range of applications, in meat food residues and resistance against the health of the outstanding issues.In order to overcome these drawbacks, countries around the world, including China, have tended to reduce or limit the use of microorganisms in animal medicine in the field of use, at the same time, and actively develop the animal varieties, such as in recent years has provided by the use of special animal antimicrobial drug Flavomycin, kitasamycin, enramycin in Virginia, mycophenolate prime, Wright Los DX, thiamphenicol and anti animal parasites, dedicated more to amphotericin A, hygromycin B, ivermectin and avermectin, maduramicin, monensin, and some new people with antimicrobial drugs, such as cephalosporins is transplanted to the veterinarian or breeding applications, the progressive introduction of man and animal is not common antimicrobial drugs as food and animal feed additive.In addition, the competent authorities can consider this to make corresponding regulations.
The use of antimicrobial drugs principles
1 antimicrobial drug selection should be closely combined with clinical diagnosis, pathogenic microorganism species and their sensitivity to animal.
2 antimicrobial drug use must have adequate dose and duration.In general, the starting dose and emergency case dose should be relatively large, the symptoms have been controlled or mild cases may be appropriate to reduce the dose, treatment should be sufficient.
3 in the application of antimicrobial drugs in addition to pay close attention to effect, also be aware of the possible adverse reactions, such as liver and kidney function caused by bad reaction.
4 symptoms or loss, should adhere to medication, poor effect or not obviously should be timely revised scheme.
5 antimicrobial drugs can make the effect of combined application of, strengthen, also can be in the same class of antimicrobial drug use, such as streptomycin and polymyxin and also can enhance the curative effect.
6 to prevent the impact of immune response and produce incompatibility.
7 on the export of livestock and poultry and their products, special attention should be paid to export country of particular restriction, intended for export to disable the antimicrobial drug firm do not have. |
